Suggest a Shell/Hardware for me!

Get a mainboard with a SATA controller and four ports. Then get two additional SATA controllers for PCI express. Each one with 4 ports (that's standard). And voila, you can connect 12 harddrives to your system.

OS: Some linux with samba support. Or how do you wanna have access to the files? SCP/SFTP?

Jam it back in, in the dark.

So you wanna setup a headless machine with Windows? Have fun

There's nowhere I can't reach.

Hmm, I can't help you with the case, but I think that what you're planning is a really bad idea.

1) File servers / terabyte blocks should be dedicated
2) Even harddrives produce noise, and ten of them quite a bit

I wouldn't want to work on a system where 10 drives are constantly producing heat and noise.

Your biggest problem will probably be cooling. Fan based solutions -> even more noise.

I would aim for some case with a watercooling solution for harddrives. Something that is easy to maintain (minimum number of moving parts).
Or get yourself ten of these noiseblocker boxes with integrated heatspeaders. I have two of those in my audioserver, hooked up as RAID1 device. The boxes absorb a lot of noise and cooling is quite decent.

Then put the whole thing somewhere where the noise can't reach you (keep in mind though that air flow has to reach the system). Hook it up to the rest of your network and setup some samba fileserver on it.

This thing is sticky, and I don't like it. I don't appreciate it.