Is there any way to recover the data on my laptop?

A while back, my laptop broke. Basically, when I turn it on, it shuts off automatically. Sometimes it stays on for a couple seconds, then it shuts off. Eventually it got to the point where I couldn’t turn it on at all. I replaced the battery and plugged it in without the battery and I still had the same problem.

So now I want to get some of the files I had on the hard drive. Is there any way to do this and transfer them to my other laptop? How would I go about doing this?

Also, what do you think the problem could have been? I got it 1.5 years ago, it was refurbished (it was a pretty old dell latitude d610), and I pretty much kept it on 24/7 without putting it on any cooling platform. I also left it plugged in 24/7. I almost never played games on it, though; I mainly just used the internet, listened to music, watched movies, and used word and powerpoint.

Thanks.

Jam it back in, in the dark.