Every endpoint on an ethernet network has a unique 6 byte number called a Media Access Control Address (MAC Address for short). Its basically like a postal address. I won't get into the details of the ethernet specification; all you need to know is that your WRT54G is an endpoint just like your computer, and it has its own MAC address†. When you put it between your computer and the school network, the school network will only see the router's MAC address, and not your computer's. This is a fundamental aspect of routing.
You're school network probably doesn't know about the WRT54G or its MAC Address, but it does know about your computer. That's what MAC Address cloning is for. When you use it, the WRT54G will set the MAC Address of its WAN side (the side connected to the school network) to the same Address as your computer. When it does that, it will appear to the school network that the WRT54G is actually your computer.
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The entire network hands out IP addresses and every other piece of info, so all I want the router to do is to broadcast the signal, not hand out or do much else.
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I should point out that the WRT54G, being a router, is not the best piece of equipment to do what you are asking for. What you really want is a Wireless Access Point (WAP54G). A router, by definition, segments networks. The WRT54G creates its own private network on one side, and acts as a gateway to join that private network to the school network on the other side.
†Actually, the WRT54G has two MAC addresses: one for the WAN side that plugs into your school network, and one for the wireless.
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